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1 capa de hielo
• crust of ice• ice crust• ice sheet• icecap• snow cap -
2 sernъ
sérnъ; sérn̨ь Grammatical information: m. o; m jo Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `hoarfrost, crust of ice'Church Slavic:srěnъ `white, greyish white (horses)' [adj o]Russian:serën (dial.) `crust of ice' [m o];séren (dial.) `crust of ice' [m o];séren (dial.) `crust of ice' [f i]Ukrainian:serén `frozen hard snow' [m o]Czech:střín (dial.) `ice on branches' [m o];stříň (dial.) `ice on branches' [f i/jā]Slovak:srieň `hoarfrost' [m jo]Polish:Slovene:srẹ̑n `hoarfrost, frozen crust of snow' [m o];srẹ̑nj `hoarfrost, frozen crust of snow' [m o]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: śer(s)nosLithuanian:Latvian:sę̄rsna `hoarfrost' [f ā]Indo-European reconstruction: ḱer(H)-no-mOther cognates:Arm. saṙn `ice'Notes:\{1\} Older spellings śron, śrzon. -
3 sern̨ь
sérnъ; sérn̨ь Grammatical information: m. o; m jo Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `hoarfrost, crust of ice'Church Slavic:srěnъ `white, greyish white (horses)' [adj o]Russian:serën (dial.) `crust of ice' [m o];séren (dial.) `crust of ice' [m o];séren (dial.) `crust of ice' [f i]Ukrainian:serén `frozen hard snow' [m o]Czech:střín (dial.) `ice on branches' [m o];stříň (dial.) `ice on branches' [f i/jā]Slovak:srieň `hoarfrost' [m jo]Polish:Slovene:srẹ̑n `hoarfrost, frozen crust of snow' [m o];srẹ̑nj `hoarfrost, frozen crust of snow' [m o]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: śer(s)nosLithuanian:Latvian:sę̄rsna `hoarfrost' [f ā]Indo-European reconstruction: ḱer(H)-no-mOther cognates:Arm. saṙn `ice'Notes:\{1\} Older spellings śron, śrzon. -
4 želdъ
želdъ; želdica Grammatical information: m. o; f. jā Proto-Slavic meaning: `glazed frost, sleet'Church Slavic:žlědica `sleet' [f jā]Russian:óželed' (dial.) `glazed frost, crust of ice over snow' [f i];oželéd' (dial.) `glazed frost, crust of ice over snow' [f i];oželédica `glazed frost' [f jā];oželédica (S. dial.) `black ice, thin crust of ice over snow' [f jā]Ukrainian:óželed' `glazed frost' [f i];oželéda `glazed frost' [f ā];oželédica `glazed frost' [f jā]Polish:żɫód (obs.) `sleet' [m o];żɫódź (obs.) `glazed frost, sleet' [f i]Slovincian:zlȯ́u̯ʒ `icicle' [f i], zlùoʒä [Gens]Polabian:zlåd `hail' [m o]Slovene:žlẹ̑d `glazed frost, sleet' [m o];žlẹdíca `glazed frost' [f ā]Indo-European reconstruction: gʰelh₂d-Other cognates: -
5 želdica
želdъ; želdica Grammatical information: m. o; f. jā Proto-Slavic meaning: `glazed frost, sleet'Church Slavic:žlědica `sleet' [f jā]Russian:óželed' (dial.) `glazed frost, crust of ice over snow' [f i];oželéd' (dial.) `glazed frost, crust of ice over snow' [f i];oželédica `glazed frost' [f jā];oželédica (S. dial.) `black ice, thin crust of ice over snow' [f jā]Ukrainian:óželed' `glazed frost' [f i];oželéda `glazed frost' [f ā];oželédica `glazed frost' [f jā]Polish:żɫód (obs.) `sleet' [m o];żɫódź (obs.) `glazed frost, sleet' [f i]Slovincian:zlȯ́u̯ʒ `icicle' [f i], zlùoʒä [Gens]Polabian:zlåd `hail' [m o]Slovene:žlẹ̑d `glazed frost, sleet' [m o];žlẹdíca `glazed frost' [f ā]Indo-European reconstruction: gʰelh₂d-Other cognates: -
6 κρύος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `icy cold, frost' (Hes. Op. 494, A. in lyr., Arist., Jul.).Derivatives: κρυόεις `horrible, lugubrious' (Il., Hes., Pi.), `icy-cold' (A. R., AP, Orph.) with analogical - ο- (cf. also Debrunner Άντίδωρον 28); s. also ὀκρυόεις; κρυώδης `id.' (Plu., Poll.); further perh. κρυερός `horrible, lugubrious' (Hom., Hes., Ar. in lyr.), `icy-cold' (Simon., Ar. in lyr.); cf. below. - Beside κρύος there are as independent formations: 1. κρῡμός m. `icy cold, frost, horror' (Ion., trag., hell.) with κρυμώδης `icy-cold' (Hp., Ph., AP), κρυμαλέος `id.' (S. E.; Debrunner IF 23, 22, Chantraine Formation 254), κρυμ-αίνω `make cold' (Hdn.), - ώσσω `be rigid from cold' (Theognost.). -- 2. κρύσταλλος s.v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The wordgroup has cognates in diff. languages. On κρύσταλλος, which is Pre-Greek, s.v. The word is sonnected (Chantraine Formation 247, Schwyzer 484) with Lat. crusta `bark, crust'. However, this is wrong as the Latin word has a quite different meaning: `the hard surface of a body, the rind, shell, crust, bark' which protects it' (Lewis and Short); so it has nothing to do with cold; it is used of flumen, indicating a covering or crust of ice, but this is an incidental use, a metaphor, not the central aspect of the meaning. The word, then, has nothing to do with words for `cold, ice'. (Its etymology with κρύος must therefore be given up; there is no other proposal.) Further one connects Toch. B krost, A kuraś etc. `cold' (Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 155 f.), but the -o- is difficult. One assumed for crusta the zero grade of an s-stem (so this is now wrong or irrelevant); beside it one proposed a full grade of the suffix in IE. *kruu̯-es- (?), Gr. κρύ-ος and in Latv. kruv-es-is `frozen mud'. Now *kruu̯-es- is not an admitted IE formation. It may have been * kruh₁-es-. [Not, with Frisk, to the word for `blood' Lat. cruōr \< * kreuh₂-ōs, Gr. κρέ(Ϝ)ας \< *kreu̯h₂-s-, s. v.] - With κρῡμός agrees Av. xrū-ma- `horrible'; but this word is analysed as * kruh₂-mo- and connected with the group of `blood' (above). One compared κρύος: κρῦμός with θύος: θῡμός, but the implication is not clear. The often assumed basic forms *κρύσ-ος, *κρυσ-μός are improbable (Frisk; does Chantraine accept this?) - κρυερός reminds of Skt. krūrá-, Av. xrūra- `wounded, raw, bloody, horrible', which points to * kruH-ro- (and Lat. crūdus `raw', if from * crūrus). κρυερός may have been rebuilt after the adj. in - ερός, but it can as well be an independent derivation from κρύος; cf. Bloch Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 23 n. 22. It might continue * kruh₁-er- (reconstructed above). Chantraine rejects the connection with `blood', as it would not fit semantically (but I think it fits very well) or formally. - A verbal * kreus- appears in Germanic, e.g. OWNo. *hrjósa, pret. hraus `shiver' with the zero grade verbal noun OHG hroso, -a `ice, crust'. On OIc. hrjósa see De Vries Wb., who denies that it has to do with cold or ice. - [Kluge22 s.v. Kruste derives it from `verkrustetes Blut', which must be wrong, s. above.].Page in Frisk: 2,28-29Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κρύος
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7 κρύσταλλος
Grammatical information: m.Derivatives: κρυστάλλιον `id.' ( PHolm.), also plant-name = ψύλλιον (Dsc.; because of the cooling effect, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 83); κρυστάλλ-ινος `icy-cold' (Hp.), `of rock-crystall' (D. C.), - ώδης `icy, crystalclear' (Ptol., PHolm.); κρυσταλλ-όομαι `freeze' (Ph.), - ίζω `glow like crystal' (Apoc.); further κρυσταίνομαι `freeze' (Nic. Al. 314), prob. free analogical formation to κρύσταλλος after other cases of the interchange ν: λ (diff. Schwyzer 706; ?).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The word is sonnected (Chantraine Formation 247, Schwyzer 484) with Lat. crusta `bark, crust'. However, this is wrong as the Latin word has a quite different meaning: `the hard surface of a body, the rind, shell, crust, bark' which protects it' (Lewis and Short); so it has nothing to do with cold; it is used of flumen, indicating a covering or crust of ice, but this is an incidental use, a metaphor, not the central aspect of the meaning. The word, then, has nothing to do with words for `cold, ice'. (Its etymology with κρύος must therefore be given up; there is no other proposal.) - As Kuiper FS Kretschmer 1, 215 n. 16 remarked the word is Pre-Greek because of the suffix - αλλο- (all Greek words in - αλλο- are of Pre-Greek origin; there are no Greek words of IE origin with this suffix; it is not - αλ- with expressively geminated λ (as Chantraine often says) and not from κρύ-ος as then the formation cannot be explained. This is confirmed by the variant κρόστ-. The word means `ice' and was also used for rock-crystal, probably because this looks like (a piece of) ice, as it is transparant (in antiquity this was very remarkable). Pliny (37, 23) still thinks it is ice. We now know that rock-crystal is a mineral; it is quartz, a silicate (SiO₂). The semi-precious amethyst and agate are varieties. S. Beekes, FS Kortlandt.See also: s. κρύοςGreek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κρύσταλλος
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8 crosta
f crustmedicine scabdi formaggio rind* * *crosta s.f.1 crust: crosta di formaggio, cheese rind; crosta di pane, crust of bread; crosta di ghiaccio, crust of ice // crosta terrestre, earth's crust // la sua onestà è solo una crosta, his honesty is only skin-deep2 (di ferita ecc.) scab, crust: crosta lattea, milk crust* * *['krɔsta]sostantivo femminile1) (di pane) crust; (di formaggio) rind2) (strato) (di fango, ghiaccio) crust3) med. crust, scab4) colloq. spreg. (quadro) daub5) gastr.•* * *crosta/'krɔsta/sostantivo f.1 (di pane) crust; (di formaggio) rind2 (strato) (di fango, ghiaccio) crust3 med. crust, scab4 colloq. spreg. (quadro) daub5 gastr. in crosta in pastrycrosta lattea cradle cap; crosta terrestre earth's crust. -
9 наст
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10 наледь
наледь
Нарост льда, возникающий при замерзании воды, изливающейся на поверхность ледяного покрова или на поверхность земли
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]
наледь
Нарост льда, возникающий при замерзании подземных вод, изливающихся на поверхность земли, или речных вод, выходящих на поверхность ледяного покрова
[ ГОСТ 19179-73]
наледь
Слой замерзающей или замерзшей воды на поверхности речного и озёрного льда или небольшого участка земной поверхности.
[ Словарь геологических терминов и понятий. Томский Государственный Университет]Тематики
Обобщающие термины
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Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > наледь
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11 skorupa
(orzecha, ślimaka) shell* * *f.1. (orzecha, ślimaka) shell; (śniegowa, lodowa) crust; skorupa lodowa crust of ice; (np. na lodowcu) icecap; skorupa pocisku wojsk. shell case; skorupa ziemska geol. the earth's crust.2. przen. shell, crust; schować się w skorupie retreat l. withdraw into one's shell; wyjść ze swej skorupy come out of one's shell.3. ( kawałek naczynia) potsherd, potshard.4. pot. ( naczynie) pot.5. bot., zool. (ślimaka, żółwia, orzecha) shell; (żółwia, kraba, homara) carapace.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > skorupa
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12 skorup|a
f 1. Zool. (ślimaka, jajka) shell; (raka, żółwia) shell, carapace- schować się w skorupie to withdraw into its shell2. Bot. shell- skorupa kokosa/orzecha włoskiego a coconut/walnut shell3. (twarda powłoka) crust- skorupa tłuszczu na zupie a crust of hardened fat on the soup- ziemia zmieniła się w twardą skorupę the ground turned into a hard crust- jezioro pokryło się skorupą lodu the lake was covered with a crust of ice4. (ściany budynku) shell- z domu została sama skorupa the house was nothing but a shell5. zw. pl (potłuczony kawałek) broken piece- skorupy (z) rozbitego dzbanka pieces of a broken jug6. pot. (naczynie gliniane) earthen pot 7. przen. shell- skorupa obojętności a shell of indifference- zamknąć się a. zasklepić się (jak ślimak) w skorupie to develop a hard shell- wyjść ze swojej skorupy to come out of one’s shell- □ skorupa ziemska Geol. the earth’s crustThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > skorup|a
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13 golotь
golotь Grammatical information: f. i Proto-Slavic meaning: `thin layer of ice'Page in Trubačev: VI 214-215Church Slavic:Russian:gólot' `thin layer of ice on frozen earth' [f i];Old Russian:Czech:holot', holot (Jungmann) `ice-covered ground' [f i];Old Czech:Slovene:Latvian:gàle `thin crust of ice, remnants of ice on the road after the snow has gone' [f ē]Indo-European reconstruction: golH- -
14 тонкая корочка льда
1) General subject: a thin crust of ice2) Makarov: thin crust of iceУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > тонкая корочка льда
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15 crūsta
crūsta ae, f [CRV-], a hard surface, rind, shell, crust, bark: fluminis, a crust of ice, V.—Inlaid work, chasing, embossed work, stucco, mosaic: eis (vasis) crustae detrahebantur: capaces Heliadum crustae, chased cups, Iu.* * *rind/shell/peel/bark/crust, hard surface; scab; leaf/flake/thin slab (mineral); cup holder, embossed work; inlay; plaster/stucco/mosaic work (L+S) -
16 тонкий
1. flimsy2. wiredrawn3. fine-bored4. tenuous5. finelyизысканные комплименты; тонкая лесть — fine compliments
6. papery7. subtly8. thinly9. twiggy10. wispy11. wry12. thin; slim; slender; small; fine; delicate; subtle; keen; light; high; cunning13. niceтонкий слух, чуткое ухо — nice ear
14. slender15. slightтонкий луч; узкая полоска света — a thread of light
16. subtleумная политика; тонкая политика — subtle policy
Синонимический ряд:1. высокий (прил.) высокий; писклявый2. мелкий (прил.) мелкий; пылевидный3. острый (прил.) изощренный; острый; чуткий4. щекотливый (прил.) деликатный; щекотливый; щепетильный5. ювелирный (прил.) филигранный; ювелирныйАнтонимический ряд: -
17 skorup|ka
f dim. 1. Bot., Zool. shell- skorupka jaja an eggshell2. (twarda warstewka) thin crust- skorupka lodu a thin crust of ice3. (potłuczony kawałek) broken piece■ czym skorupka za młodu nasiąknie, tym na starość trąci przysł. as the twig is bent, the tree’s inclined a. so grows the tree przysł.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > skorup|ka
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18 crusta
crusta, ae, f. [cf. crudus], the hard surface of a body, the rind, shell, crust, bark, etc.I.In gen.:II.luti,
Lucr. 6, 626; cf.soli,
Dig. 39, 2, 9:panis,
Plin. 19, 8, 53, § 168:glandis,
id. 15, 28, 34, § 112:piscium,
id. 9, 28, 44, § 83:locustarum,
id. 9, 30, 50, § 95:ulcerum,
the scab, Cels. 5, 9; cf. id. 5, 10: fluminis, a covering or crust of ice, Verg. G. 3, 360 et saep.—In partic., t. t. of plastic art, inlaid, chased, or embossed work on walls or vessels, plasterwork, stucco-work, mosaic work:* B.parietis,
Plin. 35, 12, 45, § 154; cf. id. 36, 6, 7, § 48:quae (vasa) probarant, eis crustae aut emblemata detrahebantur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Plin. 36, 6, 6, § 47; 36, 6, 7, § 48:capaces Heliadum crustae,
Juv. 5, 38; Dig. 34, 2, 32, § 1.—Trop.: non est ista solida et sincera felicitas; crusta est et quidem tenuis, plaster- or outside-work, Sen. Prov. 6, 3; cf. tectorium. -
19 подёрнуть
сов. безл.coverреку подёрнуло тонким слоем льда — the river was coated with thin ice, there was a thin crust of ice on the river
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20 подёрнуть
См. также в других словарях:
Ice swimming — is swimming in a body of water with a frozen crust of ice, which requires cutting a hole in the ice. This may also be simulated by a pool of water at 0 °C, the temperature at which water freezes. Ice swimming is possible because the freezing of… … Wikipedia
crust — noun 1 on a loaf of bread, pie, etc. ADJECTIVE ▪ thick, thin ▪ flaky (esp. AmE) ▪ bread, pastry, pie, pizza … Collocations dictionary
ice swimming — noun swimming in a body of water with a frozen crust of ice, which requires cutting a hole in the ice … Wiktionary
crust — early 14c., hard outer part of bread, from O.Fr. crouste (13c., Mod.Fr. croûte) and directly from L. crusta rind, crust, shell, bark, from PIE *krus to that which has been hardened, from root *kreus to begin to freeze, form a crust (Cf. Skt. krud … Etymology dictionary
Crust — (kr?st), n. [L. crusta: cf. OF. crouste, F. cro[^u]te; prob. akin to Gr. ????? ice, E. crystal, from the same root as E. crude, raw. See {Raw}, and cf. {Custard}.] 1. The hard external coat or covering of anything; the hard exterior surface or… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Crust — Crust, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crusted}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Crusting}.] [Cf. OF. crouster, L. crustare. See {Crust}, n. ] To cover with a crust; to cover or line with an incrustation; to incrust. [1913 Webster] The whole body is crusted over with ice … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Ice age — An ice age is a period of long term reduction in the temperature of the Earth s surface and atmosphere, resulting in an expansion of continental ice sheets, polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers. Glaciologically, ice age is often used to mean a… … Wikipedia
crust — [[t]krʌst[/t]] n. 1) coo the brown, hard outer surface of a loaf of bread 2) coo a slice of bread from the end of the loaf 3) a piece of stale bread 4) coo the pastry containing the filling of a pie or other dish 5) any hard external covering or… … From formal English to slang
crust — noun Etymology: Middle English, from Latin crusta; akin to Old English hrūse earth, Greek kryos icy cold, krystallos ice, crystal Date: 14th century 1. a. the hardened exterior or surface part of bread b. a piece of this or of bread grown dry or… … New Collegiate Dictionary
en|crust´|ed|ly — en|crust|ed «ehn KRUHS tihd», adjective. 1. forming a crust: »encrusted ice, encrusted enamel. 2. Figurative. a) hardened; inflexible: »encrusted prejudices. Outmoded restrictions and encrusted rules hobble the organization (New York Times). b)… … Useful english dictionary
en|crust|ed — «ehn KRUHS tihd», adjective. 1. forming a crust: »encrusted ice, encrusted enamel. 2. Figurative. a) hardened; inflexible: »encrusted prejudices. Outmoded restrictions and encrusted rules hobble the organization (New York Times). b) crabbed;… … Useful english dictionary